I was trying to keep this a-political.

Think of it as on-par with "Nixon Resigns" or "Kennedy Assassinated" or "Dewey Defeats Truman" or something.

It's just history.

thank you.

r/whatisthismushroom

I, the photographer, make this photograph available as collective common ownership and wish to be credited anonymously if it’s shared.

Just in case others see what I see.

You’re welcome?

I know I could have taken more time and composed this better. I wish I had. But to me it was just the juxtaposition of a quiet DC sidewalk while capturing US history

Are there well-behaved K-M stars at all? I thought there might be a few that don’t flare like this.

But then again, when they do flare, and all stars will flare if they have differential rotation and magnetic fields… These low mass stars have surface gravity to keep the flare in check?

So many variables.

Really far out, yes. Where the radiation pressure is counter-balanced by the gravitational force?

Interesting

It would take thousands or millions of years. Stronger flares might do it in thousands.

I’m not a believer in some kind of cataclysmic flare that would rip our atmosphere off in one day. But if one was to calculate how much energy and mass a flare would need to be to do this in days to years, I would guess that the flare would fry all life on earth and the lithosphere would be sterilized much faster than the eventual removal of the atmosphere.

Kind of like being cooked by radiation before the blast wave arrives…. Like terminator 2. But not really. Flares are made of mass, not photons. So you would be pounded by super-fast, electrically charged nuclei of hydrogen, helium and trace metals. AKA Alpha and Beta radiation

Thanks. My point is that our star is very well behaved and our magnetic field is quite reliable. Probably a combination of both.

I just googled and found that Venus has no magnetic field today. So I guess our star is pretty well behaved, and Venus has sone good gravity.

I’ve always thought that if the momentum / velocity of a gaseous molecule is greater than the escape velocity of the planet… bye bye gas! No H2 or He in earth’s atmosphere because at ‘earth temperature’ that gas just can’t remain captured by earth’s gravity.

But I don’t know if that’s an actual thing b/c I never researched it or did the math. It’s just a theory.

And slamming charged particles into a planet’s atmosphere at relativistic speeds is surely also a contributing factor to removing an atmosphere. - just to bring the conversation back on topic.

This is something I haven’t seen make main stream space news often. The “Goldilocks Zone” is a real simplification for habitability.

From the stellar spectra I surveyed for Nstars back in 2000’s, a lot of these cooler stars showed emission spectra and the experienced astronomers were associating that data with flares. He called them “active chromospheres”.

And I expected these cooler, older stars to be more stable and well behaved than ours. Not true at all.

I still wonder if a Goldilocks planet around a M-dwarf with a healthy or very strong magnetic field could survive an active star like this.

I’m really hoping the abundant K and M-stars could prove to deliver some really long-lived habitable planets.

We get significant flares every 100-200 years? Right? And earth’s atmosphere has been around for at least a 500 Mya in one form or another. Maybe even 1Bya?

It’s the lack of a magnetic field that is mostly the reason it lost it’s atmosphere

The specification is here:
https://usb.org/document-library/usb-power-delivery

USB Implementers Forum, Inc. is a non-profit corporation founded by the group of companies that developed the Universal Serial Bus specification. The USB-IF was formed to provide a support organization and forum for the advancement and adoption of Universal Serial Bus technology. The Forum facilitates the development of high-quality compatible USB peripherals (devices), and promotes the benefits of USB and the quality of products that have passed compliance testing. Some of the many activities that the USB-IF supports include:

https://usb.org/about

There is nothing stopping another company from competing with this tech, but most companies get on board because forcing your customers to buy specialized equipment like chargers and stuff is a bad move. Unless you're Apple that has historically strong customer loyalty.... well, 'had'. I think those days are gone.

oh, so you mean an IEEE meeting?

1. We want a charger to also be a data cable.
2. we want a charger to understand the load that the device is asking for, and charge devices both safely and quickly.

This means that if a phone is wanting 120W to fast charge it's circa 2040 sulfer-hydride battery and you plug it in to a circa 2010 USB brick, you don't burn your house down.
Conversely, when you plug in your Galaxy Note 10 into your 2040 terawatt brick, your phone won't explode when it gets a 40V DC potential.

Yet - the actual interface, the 'connectors' should remain the same, so you don't have to go to computerzone and find out if your special cable is in stock.

This is short-sighted and capitalistic.

https://www.lifewire.com/usb-c-vs-lightning-5206813

When a market leader has such a high adoption rate (monopoly-like) that's when innovation stops. That's what lightning and apple have.

USB-c protocol came out in 2012, the same year that apple lightning hit the market. Lighting was better than anything currently on the market, but usb-c was designed to be so much better, and to be a standard.

If anything, apple FAILED to innovate on charger tech. Otherwise they would have had an answer to the industry standard usb-c by now.

Don't get fooled by capitalist retorhic. Innovation can happen in socialist markets also. Look into the Bi-Pin connector to see a historical analog to this phone power charger fight today.

You are correct. usbc is backwards compatible, but does have additional protocols for better charging. In fact, an old brick might not charge your new phone well, although the interface works. Newer phones might use power barely faster than the brick can provide. Try Charging a Note 20 with an old brick overnight....
For example, there is an entire handshake that happens over usbc that can say "can I do 10v" or "I can do 15v". An 80-watt USBC charger can potentially charge your phone in 5 minutes to full charge, but there is additional circuitry to implement the USB Power Delivery specification.
USB-C is superior to lightning in every category. Apple is going to drop lightning soon, and this makes sure they stay on a standards track.

https://www.lifewire.com/usb-c-vs-lightning-5206813