Prolonged time in micro-gravity have brought about health problems like that Canadian astronaut who suffered from temporary blindness and one of the Kelly twins had problems to walk again. Although both fully??? recovered from their experience, it wouldn't surprise me that it could be fatal.

I was under the impression that these capsules had enough propellant onboard to slow itself down without relying on the atmosphere to do it.

Yes I know there are no parachutes on the ISS. My initial idea was to have the astronauts wait for the next resupply with them along with any required equipment. This is assuming the next resupply isn't too far off away before any permanent health damage sets in.

What about using the damaged capsule to get the astronauts to the appropriate "bail-out zone" and jump off from that point?

What about taking the damaged capsule to a point where it's safe to parachute down?

Yes I know. But take a ride on the damaged capsule to the point where one could jump out from it. IMHO, it's better they send a new capsule to pick them up.

I was thinking about the next resupply event. This is assuming the wait time doesn't kill the astronauts.

AFAIK, there's nothing available that can maximize the re-entry time. I believe both NASA and CNSA was testing out an inflatable heat shield but we're long ways from that reality. And if it were available, they'd still need to send a new capsule.

Just a quick thought; maybe a foolish idea. Remember that Redbull stunt with the guy parachuting down from Space? Would that work for the ISS? Get SpaceX to send the necessary equipment and have the astronauts parachute down.

I know these things cost money but it's always better to err on the side of caution.

I'd rather have a quick death.

I vaguely remember someone found one about 100 light years from Earth. But, I doubt anyone can survive on a planet like that for long.

Not any time soon. It'll be centuries requiring steadfast support from the political class. Good luck with that.