"Aren't carbon taxes necessarily a burden on the poor? Aren't they going to create even more inequality?

Not if they are well implemented.

One of the cool properties of Pigouvian carbon taxes is that they fix the climate change problem in and of themselves, and the tax revenue can be used for any purpose. If we redistribute this tax revenue to households, we can make it so that the burden of the tax fall on society exactly the way we want! If the tax is used to fund tax cuts to the rich then yes, it is likely that the tax will be a huge burden on the poor. But if we redistribute the tax entirely to the low-income households, it can actually reduce inequality."

This is from the FAQ you posted. So it could be a relief for your wallet, IF it's implemented well. Individual support of carbon taxes will be greatly influenced based on how each person views their government's capability to implement those taxes well.

TL;DR at bottom again.

Not quite, though one could argue the result is the same for basic tasks. Plants have no muscle or nerve system in a traditional sense. Plants use their cell walls to do this, which animal cells lack, possessing only a membrane.

The responses to stimuli and ion flow in a plant happen on a cell to cell basis, though cells can communicate through tunnels in their cell walls, known as plasmodesmata, and I'm sure you could find studies where hormones diffuse into neighboring cells.

Muscles move by having ropes of cells packed very thickly together, and shorten or lengthening by having millions of microscopic hands working together to pull along/against surrounding muscle cells (this is a layman's allegory, if you want a more in-depth look, search cross-bridge cycling in muscular tissue). Plants, as stated before, rely on water pressure in cells to flex their wall filaments in certain directions, more akin to how hydraulics work.

TL;DR: Plants do not have muscles or nerves, but can appear to accomplish tasks in a different manner.

TL;DR at bottom

Plants "respond" to stimuli through a process known as tropism, and two or possibly three of these stimuli are present: thigmotropism (response to movement or touch), phototropism (response to light), and chemotropism (response to chemical stimuli; I list this one as UV light may breakdown substances on the surface of the plant to trigger a response).

These responses aren't so much a thought process as much as a reflex, such as if your knee reflex triggers without thought if hit in the right spot. Plants responding to these stimuli have what I'd describe as spring-loaded traps on the surface of each cell, ready to trigger with the right application. It is much like cell receptors waiting for a specific hormone to bind to a site before expressing a response.

When that trigger is met, a group of ions makes it way down a pathway to make a cell to increase it's uptake of water or decrease its uptake (this is through osmosis, and creating a hypotonic or hypertonic environment in the cell). When you have groups of cells in one region suddenly increase their water uptake and others decrease the amount they hold, the plant will flex in a certain direction, resulting in plant movement. These movements usually aren't drastic as with specialized plants like touch-me-nots and Venus flytraps. With the pea plant it would occur over hours.

Interesting to note that touch response can also influence the final structure of a plant, where it will alter how it grows , known as thigmomorphogenesis. These growth response are exaggerated at the tips of roots and tendrils, or meristems. This is how you will find trees that have branches arranged around structures or influenced by wind.

TL:DR: plants have specialized receptors for light, touch, and chemicals that tell groups of cells to increase or decrease water uptake making the plant bend.