Considering this is what the early Hubble photos of Pluto looked like, yeah it would have to be one hell of a telescope indeed! Image from New Horizons probe as it passed Pluto on the right for comparison.

>all of the companies founded personally by Musk have been immeasurable failures. Outside of acquiring Tesla, PayPal and SpaceX

Musk founded SpaceX, he did not acquire it.

The same way you survived the acceleration up to that speed; spread it out over time. Astronauts on the space station are going over 17,000 mph relative to the ground, and getting up to that speed they have to pull a couple of g's in a rocket, which is tough but doable for a few minutes. On their way back to Earth the atmosphere slows them down a little more gradually and they only experience 1-1.7 g's.

And not that we would ever want to stop relative to these things, but just sitting at your desk you're moving incredibly fast through the universe. The Earth is moving ~67,000 mph around the sun. And the sun is moving ~490,000 mph around the center of the galaxy.

Speeds don't affect the body, only acceleration. So it's not because of the size of the Earth that we don't feel our motion through space, it's because there's fundamentally no difference between being at rest and moving with constant speed relative to something. Think about being on an airplane, apart from any turbulence you feel completely at rest and can move around the cabin normally when cruising, even though you're travelling at several hundred kilometers per hour with respect to the ground.

>The increasingly common response of "oh well" to things like the heat death of the universe

Why have any other reaction to the winding down of the universe trillions of trillions of years from now?