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AliMcGraw t1_iz7qj0z wrote

There's a period of history called the Axial Age, period of about 2500 years when virtually all "modern" religions arose in recognizable form, including Christianity, Rabbinic Judaism, Hinduism, Confusionism, Buddhism. (Depending on how you define the time period, Islam occurs either just within it, or just after.) This is also when the great Greek philosophers are writing, and many other intellectual revolutions are taking place, across the globe, seemingly in societies that have no interaction with each other.

Now, there's quite a bit of dispute about whether the "Axial Age" is even real, and if it is, what it might mean.

But the thing that stands out to me about that period of time, and the religions that arise out of it, is that empires had arisen, they became considerably larger, and cities became much bigger as agricultural surplus grew. We don't have a lot of textual evidence for pre-axial indigenous religions. But they seem like they were more concerned with appeasing and pleasing gods/ ancestors/supernatural forces. Whereas the philosophies and religions that arise from the axial age are very concerned (in comparison) with questions of interpersonal ethics, and how supernatural forces etc want us to behave towards our fellow men. It's possible that the rise of the great modern religions that we know today coincided with people having to ask, "how do I live in this city of 100,000 people and not end up with everyone murdered?" instead of "how do I live in this tribe of 1,000 people who are all at least kind-of related to me??"

It also raises an interesting question of whether those great religions of the axial age are now bleeding adherents left and right because they're simply not built to answer the question when it's another couple of orders of magnitude larger -- "how do I live in this dense urban environment of 10 million people, especially when I know that the lifestyle that makes this possible is harming the planet in irreversible ways." The religions that were dominant for the last 2,000 years don't seem to be doing a great job of addressing that -- and even the ones that are seriously trying, a lot of people don't seem to find their answers persuasive. It's possible that you're currently watching the next great shift in philosophical and religious thought, and will get to watch new belief systems arise and rapidly gain large numbers of adherents in real time.

Or maybe not! Check back in 2000 years.

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